A Visit To A Small Planet essays

A Visit To A Small Planet papers In A Visit To A Small Planet, numerous human flaws are in a roundabout way investigated and disparaged, adding traces of parody to the fascinating satire. One of the issues being scorned, is the way that in spite of the fact that our race hates nor advance savagery and war, it despite everything happens we despite everything get things done to incite it. The disparaging in the story is exceptionally obvious and unexpected, because of Kretons bizarre character. His contemplations and perspectives on our age make the creators point very self-evident. He required Kretons untouchable perspectives to draw out the parody in the story and strengthen his supposition, which is peculiarly in truth. At the point when he attempted to persuade different characters in the play of his musings on people getting a charge out of and exciting in viciousness, they deny it the same amount of as they deny abhorring one another. Be that as it may, regardless of how they object, he calls attention to over and over of the noxiousness and threatening vibe we hold for other people, again underlining the storys incongruity. Another component of joke spoke to, is that in spite of the fact that we put stock in shielding ourselves from risky conditions and antagonistic individuals, we in certainty are more threatening than required. In the scene of Kretons appearance, the General and his soldiers are careful and malicious towards him, in any event, when Kreton gave no indication of aim to cause hurt. Generally, our race will in general put impacts on others and ourselves that dont consistently concur with what we feel: our activities repudiate with our ethics, and that is the thing that causes numerous issues in our general public. ... <!

The Ancient Art Of Feng Shui Essays - Taoist Cosmology, Divination

The Ancient Art Of Feng Shui The Ancient Art of Feng Shui The History of Feng Shui Feng Shui has been polished in China for a great many years and is accepted to have begun in 2953 B.C. when Hu of Hsia found a tortoise that had an ideal enchantment square on its back. From this disclosure advanced the I Ching, the most established book in Chinese history, and conceivably the world (Webster 1). This book contains the main composed directions on the hypothesis of Feng Shui. Feng Shui was viewed as a consecrated force, to such an extent that in antiquated China, just the advantaged class approached the information. There are even accounts of individuals from the Imperial family who made a special effort to cloud the writings so as to forestall the individuals who may be a danger to them from getting the sacrosanct information. The main Ming sovereign even arranged that the nation be overwhelmed with books containing deluding hypotheses and mistaken rules on Feng Shui (Too 2). When Chiang Kai Shek fled the territory he took a large number of books on Feng Shui with him to Taiwan and utilized its standards in building a system there. From that point it made a trip to Hong Kong and in the long run toward the Western World through Marco Polo (Cassidy). Present day Feng Shui depends on the analyses from Wang Chi and different researchers from the Sung line, 1126-960 B.C. (Webster 3). What is Feng Shui? Feng Shui is the antiquated Chinese craft of living in amicability with nature and your environmental factors, so as to amplify your wellbeing, flourishing and karma. It truly deciphers as wind and water and it includes the position of structures according to their environmental factors, and the arrangement of furniture inside the structure so as to amplify the chi, the first vitality source on the earth, from which everything else was made (Webster 4). As the winged serpent is viewed as the most venerated divine animal of Chinese way of thinking, chi has been known as the breath of the mythical beast. Chi is an imperceptible vitality that circles all through the world yet in addition assembles in specific zones. The fundamental thought of Feng Shui is to saddle however much chi as could reasonably be expected by permitting it to assemble where you are, regardless of whether it is in your home or in your office. Chi is the existence power that is all living things, and can be found, in its flawlessness any place things are done superbly. A craftsman who makes a perfect work of art is making chi. Through Feng Shui, we are searching for places where chi is gathered or where it is framed. For instance, chi is dispersed by solid breezes, so a breezy area is definitely not a decent wellspring of chi. Be that as it may, chi is limited by water, so an area close to water is loaded with the amassed life power. As indicated by Feng Shui folklore, the first occasion when that chi moved it made yang, the male standard, and when it rested, it made yin, the female rule. After these significant manifestations chi at that point made the remainder of the universe. The hypothesis of the yin and the yang are of imperative significance to Feng Shui (Webster 6). Yin and Yang Yin and yang are the two restricting energies engaged with Feng Shui and neither one of the ones can get by without the other. Indeed nothing is totally yin or totally yang, everything is a blend of the two energies. This is outlined is the famous yin yang image in which a little hover of dark is situated in the enormous white shape and a little white hover is inside the dark (Feng Shui Society). This image is known as the Taichi image of fulfillment because of its ideal parity of the yin and the yang. Together, yin and yang make up Tao, the way. The whole universe is comprised of yin and yang energies continually associating with one another, and immaculate congruity is built up through an ideal equalization. Since chi is the existence power and it made the yin and yang, neither yin nor yang can be abhorrent or acceptable. They simply are (Webster 7). It is just when you have an uneven measure of the two that your chi become adversely influenced. As indicated by Feng Shui, mountains , slopes

Is Adult ADHD Linked to Your Addiction

Is Adult ADHD Linked to Your Addiction ADHD Adult ADD/ADHD Print Is Adult ADHD Linked to Your Addiction? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 20, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 07, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children John Foxx/Getty Images Is it a coincidence that half of the adults who report symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also report co-existing substance-abuse disorders, including alcoholism? Does one condition increase the risk for the other? Or is there some genetic link between inattention, motor hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and alcoholism? Or is it some combination of the two? Some researchers believe they have identified a distinct phenotype or profile of individuals with co-existing ADHD and alcoholism. Although prior studies have suggested a genetic commonality of ADHD and alcoholism, a University of Regensburg study found no significant contribution of two specific candidate genes, the promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) and the 5-HT2c receptor Cys23Ser polymorphism. ADHD Symptoms and Alcohol Abuse Our results indicate that individuals with persisting ADHD symptoms in adulthood seem to be at high risk of developing an alcohol-use disorder, said Monika Johann, a medical doctor and research associate at the University of Regensburg and first author of the study. Moreover, there is evidence for a highly increased severity of alcohol dependence in subjects with ADHD. Researchers examined 314 adult alcoholics (262 males, 52 females) as well as 220 unrelated healthy control subjects, all of German descent. Each participant was assessed for psychiatric disorders, such as substance-use disorders (including alcoholism), ADHD, and antisocial personality disorder (APD). Sources of Genetic Liability Patients with a history of major psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, and those with addictions to drugs other than alcohol and nicotine were excluded from the investigation. Genotyping was performed without knowledge of diagnostic status, with a focus on the 5-HTT promoter and the 5-HT2c Cys23Ser polymorphism. Prior neuroendocrine challenge studies with a drug called fenfluramine in subjects with ADHD or alcoholism revealed similar differences in the serotonergic neurotransmission when compared to normal subjects, explained Johann. The usual response to fenfluramine administration is a measurable increase in the circulating prolactin. This usual increase is blunted in subjects with ADHD or alcoholism. The main structures responsible for the fenfluramine-induced prolactin release are the 5-HTT and the 5-HT2c receptors. Therefore, both seemed plausible as overlapping sources of genetic liability of ADHD and alcoholism. Genetic Predisposition Not Found Neither of them, however, appear to be genetic risk factors in the sample examined. Our data demonstrate that the 5-HTT promoter and the 5-HT2c Cys23Ser polymorphism do not contribute to the putative common genetic predisposition for ADHD and alcohol dependence, said Johann. However, several other candidate genes have yet to be investigated. Nonetheless, the findings do indicate a distinct phenotype, a way to measure an observable trait or behavior. The Regensburg study has found that adult alcoholics with ADHD had a significantly higher daily intake of alcohol per month, an earlier age of onset of alcohol dependence, a higher frequency of thoughts about suicide, a greater number of court proceedings, and a greater occurrence of APD. Thus, despite the lack of support for a common genetic predisposition, the data show once again that to have ADHD means to be at high risk for developing alcohol dependence, said Ema Loncarek, a medical doctor, and clinician at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Regensburg. Loncarek works on a ward for illegal drug addiction, providing detoxification and therapy. ADHD Addicts Are Difficult to Handle Dr. Johanns findings of a phenotype are very close to what we see in drug addicts with ADHD, and what has been described before by other authors. We see on a regular basis that drug addicts with ADHD are difficult to handle. They start to abuse drugs earlier than other people, change earlier to hard drugs, take longer to start treatment, and take longer to successfully finish therapy. The study found that within this group of alcoholics, subjects with ADHD in adulthood are: Five to 10 times more frequent than the general populationFour years younger at the onset of alcoholismDrank 50 grams more of alcohol per dayTwice as likely to have a family history of alcoholismThree times higher rate of antisocial personality disorderSeven times more likely to have faced court proceedingsMore than twice the frequency of suicidal thoughts Specialized Treatment Is Needed Both Johann and Loncarek spoke of a need for the development and evaluation of specialized treatment programs that address phenotypical specifics as well as co-existing disorders such as alcoholism and ADHD. While pharmacological remedies, they noted, have been extensively evaluated for the treatment of ADHD in childhood, little attention has been given to substance-abusing individuals with ADHD in adulthood. ADHD seems to be highly underestimated in adulthood, said Johann, yet seems to be an important risk factor for the development of alcohol dependence.

Women’s Inequality in the 20th Century Essay - 1194 Words

Throughout the twentieth century, American women fought for the right to vote, the right to make choices regarding their own bodies, and the right to be their own people. The disparities between men and women were often overlooked or blindly accepted, but as Gloria Steinem said, â€Å"history is herstory too.† After nearly 200 years of struggling, women made up only 10% of Congress, received wages less than 75% of their male counter parts, and are stigmatized based on their class and race. By the end of the century, female citizens were still treated unfairly in every aspect of American society. Women did not achieve equality in America in the 20th century, based on their roles in politics, the widespread views of female sexuality, and the†¦show more content†¦The English word for being devoted to your country is patriotic, which literally translates from Latin to â€Å"loyal to a country ruled by men.† In America during the 20th century â€Å"patriotic† was still the accurate word, as men overwhelmingly ruled the United States. Because of this fact, women in the 20th century did not reach political equality with men. In terms of sexuality, women in the 20th century were not considered equal to men because they were overwhelmingly abashed and judged due to the personal decisions they made regarding sex. While men’s sexual conquests were disregarded or even praised, women were often shamed or called derogatory names for choosing to have sex. That the same decisions made by two different genders could have such opposite results proves that there wasn’t sexual equality in America in the 20th century. Sexual assault is another place where 14.78% of women in America are victims of rape at some point in their lifetimes as of 2000. Yet the 60% of rape cases are never reported, and the vast majority of rapists investigated are never charged. That such a horrendous crime can affect so many women and yet have such a small penal ty is appalling and a testimony to the sexual inequality of women. Another issueShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome a subjective and distorted version of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. 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My paper willRead MoreWomen s Rights And Rights1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe women’s movement in Iran is well-known as a dynamic, powerful movement within a state under various levels of Islamic regimes. Beginning from the constitutional period from 1905-1911, women began to mobilize and organized acts of defiance such as boycotts, riots, and protests. Despite the numerous odds against them, including not being classified as â€Å"citizens† equal under the constitution, women’s movements in Iran grew steadily over the early 1900’s. Women’s organizations produced scholarlyRead MoreWomen‚Äà ´s Suffrage Movement of Europe1187 Words   |  5 Pagesof time before they were granted full voting rights. Each country approved women’s suffrage at different times, but it occurred in most European countries in the early 20th century. The first country to develop universal suffrage was Finland in the year 1906(â€Å"Women’s Suffrage in Europe†). 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InequalityRead MoreCompare and Contrast Women’s Suffrage Movements Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Compare and contrast women’s suffrage movements of the late nineteenth and early centuries with the European feminist movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s.† Whereas the women’s suffrage movements focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to equality, the feminist movements successfully addressed a broad range of other feminist issues. The first dealt primarily with voting rights and the latter dealt with inequalities such as equal pay and reproductive rights. Both movements made vast gainsRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Women s Rights Movement Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The women’s rights movement vast and know as one of the most notable movements. Furthermore it is split into three waves to present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women’s suffrage, their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third waveRead MoreEssay on Purple is to Lavender as Woman is to Feminist1253 Words   |  6 Pagesdue simply because of their anatomy. The Women’s Liberation, also known as the Feminist Movement, Women’s Lib, and the Women’s Movement, encompasses to a concatenation of campaigns for improvements on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, womens suffrage, sexual harassment and sexual violence. The movement has gone through three waves: the first wave beginning in the late 19th century and the early 20th century chiefly in America, however it carried over

The Baroque Style Of The 19th Century - 753 Words

†¢ Social: In 17th century large numbers of artists traveled to Rome to develop themselves, to work and study and Nicolas Poussin born in French spend significant time I Rome as well. Rome attracted the young artists not only with the many regulations that being extended by the Church but with the opportunity to learn from the past masters I art. Most of the 17th century was dominated by the baroque style, whose expressive power was well appropriate to the needs of the Counter-Reformation Church for affecting images. The baroque style develop around 1600 in Rome before spreading across Europe. It was encouraged and influenced and by the Catholic Church, which used it to propaganda religious themes, war images, and aristocrats who appreciated the high spirits. The art of the time focused on showing natural images, intense emotions exaggerated through the play of light and shadow. Baroque style had a purpose to glorifying the church and monarchy by dramatic images and scenes (Seve nteenth Century Art, par. 1) †¢ Economic: In 17th century new concepts in banking were in play allowing for an increase in the monetary supply. Advances in agriculture meant more grain, so even the poorest had at the very least bread. Because of developing the trade system the Italian States were very rich, it was an age of expansion in commerce and industry. Baroque style developed in that era had the purpose to show the power and the greatness of the Church and Monarchs standing behind it. BaroqueShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Western Music1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Western Music Throughout history all cultures have been influenced by music. Before the Baroque era in music there were many forms of western music. Most of this music was monophonic, sung in chant used mostly for religious purposes. During the previous millennia most music was sung in chant form with very little accompaniment, save a harp or a violin. In these times music was a simple art, sung by the people to praise the Lord. Eventually polyphonic music developed, first startingRead MoreBaroque And The Baroque Era732 Words   |  3 PagesI. Baroque (began around 1600-1750). A. The Baroque era began as artists were disgusted against the approach of Mannerist art. The Baroque art movement combines dramatic works of arts, beautiful details, and emotionally stimulating subject matter to give the viewer a powerful visual experience (Devlin, E. L. 2013) B. Artwork significant to the movement ïÆ' ¼ Merisi, M. (1601). â€Å"Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul† [oil on canvas 7’ 6† x 5’ 9†]. Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. InRead MoreComparison of Baroque and Rococo Styles1561 Words   |  7 PagesHUM – 121 March 5, 2012 Comparison of Baroque and Rococo styles Introduction Premises and characteristics of Baroque Caravaggios Amor Victorious Emergence of Rococo Bouchers Nude on a Sofa Comparison of Baroque and Rococo styles Bibliography There have been different artistic peaks throughout the history of humanity influenced by specific social, political or religiousRead MoreOutline of Movements in Art813 Words   |  4 PagesNa’Quisha Powell Submitted to: Instructor: Carrie Ann Wills Date: July 22, 2013 I. Baroque (began around 1600-1750) a. The Baroque era began as artistic revolt against the stylization of Mannerist art and as means of implementing the demands of the Counter-Reformation Church, which sought to restore its religious prominence in the western world in the face of the Protestant threat (Duckett, 2011). The Baroque movement began in ital where artists expressed the triumphs of the Catholic ChurchRead MoreArt Movements From 17th 20th Century1453 Words   |  6 Pages17th-20th Century Art plays important part of mankind throughout our whole existences. During each period of time art has its own movements; the art style of the tendency in art committed by group of artists with common philosophy during a restricted period of time. Throughout the 17th to 20th centuries there are hundreds art movements that contribute to human purposes. Baroque Art, Romanticism, Art Nouveau, Dadaism, and Art Deco are some of the popular art movements during the 17th – 20th century. TheRead MoreHistory and Development of Baroque and Rococo and Their Influence Today3097 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: The Baroque era was the building stone for the neo-classical and the rococo period. That made it to a developing style after reformations occurred and views changed. The Baroque style, which was an emphasized movement and always part of a renaissance, developed during the 16th century in Rome, Italy, and travelled later to France. Nevertheless, the Italian Baroque and the French Baroque are not comparable. Baroque is nowadays mainly famous for the French baroque era and due to LouisRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1365 Words   |  6 Pagesculture of Ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical means the revival of the ancients. The Neoclassical age coincided with the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century and lasted into the early nineteenth century, competing alongside Romanticism. Neoclassical architecture, however, lasted from the eighteenth century through the twenty-first century. Neoclassicism originated in Rome, but quickly spread throughout all of Europe when European art students returned home from the Grand Tour in Italy with newfoundRead MoreMonteverdi Musical Works Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesMonteverdi is the most important Italian composer of the early to middle Baroque period, and, indeed, one of the most influential figuresin the history of music. His music represents the transition from theRenaissance to the Baroque period. Born in Cremona in 1567, he served at the court of the Dukes of Mantua from the early 1590s until 1612, when he moved to Venice as maestro di cappella at the basilica of St. Mark. For the time it was one of the most coveted musical posts in Italy and is a positionRead MoreRenaissance Time Capsule1187 Words   |  5 Pagestime capsule from both the Renaissance and the Baroque ages. Thereafter, I was required to identify at least two examples of art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature depicted during the periods. By doing so, I expected to identify how these examples reflected world events and cultural blueprints of their periods. The Renaissance refers to the cultural transformations witnessed in Europe between the fourteen-century and the sixteen-century (Cheremeteff, 2000). The transformations originatedRead MoreBach s Prelude And Fugue1467 Words   |  6 Pagesalong with continuing his career as a composer until his death in 1750. Bach left behind a great musical legacy as one of the greatest composers in history, even if his works were not truly appreciated until the 19th century. His musical style was very much later baroque religious style, however, Bach’s music was very different because of the compositional devices that he used. First his music was very contrapuntal, but he varied from the norm by using four part harmony in his choral music, and his

Race, gender and class in Faulkners Literature Essay

William Faulkner’s short story A Rose for Emily depicts the need for a hierarchy by which to rank and organize individuals by merit of their importance. Class, gender and race each play a vital role in determining the interactions of Jefferson’s residents. Notably, these issues affect how Emily Grierson, Homer Barron, and Emily’s Negro servant Tobe are treated by the townspeople, as well as their behavior. Together race, gender and class portray and define the characters for who they are and act to elucidate their positions in society. The hierarchy in Jefferson dictates that class supersedes gender, which in turn, supersedes race. At the center of Faulkner’s story is Emily Grierson a proper, old-fashioned monument to the past.†¦show more content†¦As Emily was considered an aristocrat of sorts in the town, her actions, inappropriate by any other woman, continued without question. In Jefferson, class superseded the stereotypes against a gender, and to an extent even law and logic. With rumors of a romantic relationship between Homer and Emily, the townspeople’s first reaction was to reject the notion as folly. The women of the town speculate that a â€Å"Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer† while the town elders believed that Emily would be unable to forget the â€Å"noblesse oblige†: the obligations of the higher class (Faulkner 311). In the eyes of the town, it would be improper for a woman of such high class to intermingle with a man of lower class. This, along with his affiliation with the Yankees, results in the town turning against Homer, despite his seemingly agreeable personality. Homer and Emily’s relationship created changes to the status quo. In turn these changes resulted in the summoning of Emily’s sister from Alabama; this decision, later regretted by the town, was a last ditch effort to preserve the conventional order of class within Jefferson. Despite the criticism Emily receives , she chooses to continue in her pursuit of Homer, demonstrating her continued indifference to the opinions of those around her, a benefit available to her because of her social class. Despite the abolishment of slavery across the United States in 1865, racism plays a role in the portrayal andShow MoreRelatedA Rose for Emily Psychoanalysis2422 Words   |  10 Pagesmetaphor in our analysis. The interpretation of these elements, the making of meaning out of them, then depends on the context or method of interpretation we apply to them. Thus we can easily see why a signifying elementlike the figure of the father in Faulkners A Rose for Emily-has so many different meanings. Do we interpret him historically as a metaphor of Southern manhood? Psychologically as the cause of Emilys neurosis? In a feminist context as a symbol of the patriarchal repression of freedom andRead MoreThe Cask Of Admontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe And The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1987 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles in Literature Gender can be defined as the socially preconceived roles that are thought to be fitting for either men or women in a particular culture. These preconceived roles, stereotype men and women, ensnaring them into provincial boxes that prevent gender identity and expression (Fisher and Silber). Traditional gender roles, especially in the 18th and 19th century literature depicts women as delicate maidens, who are weak and submissive or as nurturing and sensitive characters takingRead MoreA Rose for Emily - Biography William Faulkner3892 Words   |  16 Pagespublished poet and an occasional screenwriter. Most of Faulkners works are set in his native state of Mississippi, and he is considered one of the most important Southern writers, along with Mark Twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery OConnor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, and Tennessee Williams. While his work was published regularly starting in the mid 1920s, Faulkner was relatively unknown before receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is now deemed among the greatest American writersRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pages 6 (1892). At the same time, the first literary theories about the short story appeared. A widely known one is Edgar Allan Poes The Philosophy of Composition (1846). In 1901, Brander Matthews, the first American professor of dramatic literature, published The Philosophy of the Short-Story. In the first half of the 20th century, a number of high-profile magazines such as The Atlantic Monthly, Scribners and The Saturday Evening Post published short stories in each issue. TheRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................................. 379 Using Venn-Euler Diagrams to Test for Invalidity ....................................................................... 385 The Logic of Only in Class Logic...................................................................................................... 395 Review of Major Points ...............................................................................................................

Explorers of the Renaissance in Portugal Essay Example For Students

Explorers of the Renaissance in Portugal Essay Bartholomew Aids, the explorer for Portugal, planned to head an expedition in search of a sea route to India. Though, at the end of his voyage he only became the first sail to the tip of Africa. This, landing has only created a new name for the Cabot ads Galahs and the cape Cabot ads Torments for his country. Aids had a voyage that inspired explorers to try a faster or better route to travel, which lead to the discoveries of newer lands;also, this voyage helped encourage inventors and scientists to invent effective techniques and new technology that could help future expeditions. Magellan studied very famous explorers for many years in Portugal. He planed to find a route to the Spice Islands by sailing west and around the world. Ferdinand Magellan, an explorer of Spain, has amazed us with his courage by venturing through the chaotic and the untouched world. Through his voyage Magellan provided the first positive proof that the world was round, thus opening trade routes to explorers all over the world. Ferdinand Magellan is recognized as the first person to circumnavigate the world. His discovery of this route had the effects in many ways; for example, the religion of Christianity has also traveled along his Journeys, and also his geographical finding has made the current map more accurate then it originally was. Jacques Carrier sailed in the name of France. Carrier searched to find a Northwest Passage to India and the Spice Islands and also looking for new places to trade. In the end Carrier was the first to sail up the SST. Lawrence River and Canada. Canada was claimed as a piece of France; furthermore, this opened up for trade with the natives.

Descartes Applied To Biology Essays (699 words) - Nucleic Acids

Descartes Applied To Biology The Methods of Descartes Applied to the World of Biology Descartes method of questioning what is real is a very important aspect of the world of science. I will show how this method of philosophy is crucial to the studies of biology. Descartes said that the only time that something is not doubted is when it is clear and distinctly true. This is the difference in science between theory and fact. In order for something to be clear and distinct it must be a fact. DNA was discovered on April 25,1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. They discovered that it was a double helix made up of 5 carbon sugars, phosphates, and 4 different nitrogenous bases. This is where Descartes comes in to play. There was much questioning whether DNA even existed and if it did what was it like. DNA is only about 10 nanometers wide so it is extremely small and easily overlooked. There was much research done to try to figure out the structure of DNA molecules. Chargraff came up with the theory of there being 4 different nitrogenous bases in equal quantities purines and pyrimidines. This was eventually proven true but at the time was not definite. Descartes would not be satisfied with this because it wasn't clear and distinct fact yet. Different theories came up about the actual structure of the molecule. Originally Watson and Crick believed that the molecule could be single stranded and at one point they also believed that it might be triple stranded. This still was only theory and not clear and distinct, so their research continued. Rosalind Franklin was an assistant on the DNA project. She was an X-ray crystallographer, which is someone who takes pictures of strands of DNA. Much research went on till one day a picture was taken to show the B form of DNA, which gave Watson and Crick the information that they had needed. This picture showed that DNA was double stranded and that it was in the shape of a double helix. It was with a little more research that it was finally proven that DNA was a double helix and due to this structure its function was also proven. It was now clear and distinct that DNA is real. If Watson and Crick just left their research at one of the other points such as the single strand or triple strand the real structure would not have been found. This would continue the doubt about DNA's existence and function. People would also be learning the wrong information because they would be learning about theories that were never concluded. The same thing is being done with the cure to Cancer as well as many other diseases. Possible cures are thought up very often. These possible cures are far off to be factual. It takes many years of testing to really see whether the original theory of the cure will actually work. Even then there is still doubt. The problem with most drugs is that they react differently to each individual in terms of their success. This would make drugs go against what Descartes would trust because it is not fact. If you decide to take a drug to cure cancer it may not because there is no proven way at this time. Descartes' theory is pretty much the basis for the world of science in general. Science is made up of people doubting things and only believing in them when they are proven fact. This is what Descartes' whole point was in his theory. Trust only what is fact. Ideas begin with a hypothesis, which is an educated guess. The hypothesis is the basis for the research. They are then tested and theories arise. Theories are still not proven even though there has been research done. Much research needs to be done before it can be proven. Only then can the end result be clear and distinct fact. Biology and all science is based on these theories of questioning till proven. Science is respected because things are tested till they are clear and distinct facts. This is why science can be trusted by the ideals of Descartes. Philosophy Essays

What Freezing Point Depression Is and How It Works

What Freezing Point Depression Is and How It Works Freezing point depression occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered or depressed by adding another compound to it. The solution has a lower freezing point than that of the pure solvent. Freezing Point Depression Examples For example, the freezing point of seawater is lower than that of pure water. The freezing point of water to which antifreeze has been added is lower than that of pure water. The freezing point of vodka is lower than that of pure water. Vodka and other high-proof alcoholic beverages typically dont freeze in a home freezer. Yet, the freezing point is higher than that of pure ethanol (-173.5Â °F or -114.1Â °C). Vodka may be considered a solution of ethanol (solute) in water (solvent). When considering freezing point depression, look at the freezing point of the solvent. Colligative Properties of Matter Freezing point depression is a colligative property of matter. Colligative properties depend on the number of particles present, not on the type of particles or their mass. So, for example, if both calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl) completely dissolve in water, the calcium chloride would lower the freezing point more than the sodium chloride because it would produce three particles (one calcium ion and two chloride ions), while the sodium chloride would only produce two particles (one sodium and one chloride ion). Freezing Point Depression Formula Freezing point depression can be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoults law. In a dilute ideal solution, the freezing point is: Freezing Pointtotal Freezing Pointsolvent - ΔTf where ΔTf molality * Kf * i Kf cryoscopic constant (1.86Â °C kg/mol for the freezing point of water) i Vant Hoff factor Freezing Point Depression in Everyday Life Freezing point depression has interesting and useful applications. When salt is put on an icy road, the salt mixes with a small amount of liquid water to prevent melting ice from re-freezing. If you mix salt and ice in a bowl or bag, the same process makes the ice colder, which means it can be used for making ice cream. Freezing point depression also explains why vodka doesnt freeze in a freezer.

Jihad in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Jihad in Islam - Essay Example In any case, as various studies show, the interpretation of jihad as a call to use violence against all non-Muslims is unfounded (Ali & Rehman 2005). The fact is that the main source of this concept is the Qur’an. In turn, the study of the Qur’an makes it possible to understand that Islam focuses primarily on the spiritual struggle with one’s own passions and vices, while physical violence is seen as an extreme measure, which may be applied only in exceptional cases. In addition, despite the conventional wisdom, Islam can be seen as a much more peaceful religion compared for example with Christianity since Christianity demonstrates very careful attention to the concept of a just war and offers a much clearer conception of it than Islam. This paper analyzes the concept of jihad and provides its comparative analysis with the concept of holy war presented in Christianity. As noted above, a number of theologians, including Muslim ones, insist that jihad involves aggressive and violent methods of struggle for the Islamic faith. In particular, Professor Roda Mushkat (cited in Ali & Rehman 2005) insists on the idea that Islamic law enjoins Moslems to maintain a State of permanent belligerence with all non-believers, collectively encompassed in the dar al-harb, the domain of war. The Muslims are, therefore, under a legal obligation to reduce non-Muslim communities to Islamic rule in order to achieve Islam’s ultimate objective, namely the enforcement of God’s law (the Sharia) over the entire world. The instrument by which the Islamic state is to carry out that objective is called the jihad (popularly known as the ‘holy war’) and is always just, if waged against the infidels and the enemies of the faith. In turn, according to other contemporary Muslim theologians, who refer to the views of their predecessors, there are several types of jihad. In particular, it is believed that the Qur’an presents the

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W6 - Coursework Example It is important that the knowledge was diverse due to age and type of diabetes, and the adopted app should be individually based. Published by sense publishers from Rotterdam Netherlands, the chapter discusses the increase of activities aimed towards the elderly persons. The findings well support the study as such actions as development and literacy levels have been improved and forms majority of the policy making towards the older generation. The study is unique as no information is provided by other authors and also silent on other studies regarding the topic. The review of the study is quite detailed that enabled the reader to assimilate the subject with ease. The methodology was majorly theories such as a functional theory of the society to support the hypothesis that was unique to other researchers. It is significant that society has changed to help older persons to have active life. It is a comprehensive scholarly journal published online. The article examines on the behavior of the senior members towards the computer use that formed the hypothesis. The study does not offer for further research, but there was knowledge concerning the topic. The literature review was extensive that the readers easily integrated the research. Methods of research were limited to participants’ observations and surveys that were done in pre and post analysis of the sixty-four seniors selected. These criteria though were unique to other studies. The findings showed an increased positive attitude by the seniors to embrace computers, even though, earlier studies indicated resistance by the target group. Nonetheless, women showed little response that should be a concern to any researcher. The manuscript is a publication by the Wiley-Blackwell. The author explores how health information can be used to improve health administration. The writer is very silent on provisions of other studies. Not much information is provided by

Action research

Action research ACTION RESEARCH, ITS BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION Action research in English Language Teaching is relatively a recent development which has been predominant in the literature in late 1980s and early 1990s. This essay explores the definitions, literature, benefits and challenges of action research as a method of teacher research in teacher education and development. It concludes by a critical assessment of the application of this research methodology and its sustainability in ELT. 1. INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of definitions of action research just as there is myriad literature on the subject by many scholars in many fields of human endeavour. Burns (2005) in her seminal paper on action research has explored definitions of action research by extensively highlighting the views of educators such as Denzin Lincoln (1998), Rogers (1961), Grotjahn (1987), Freire (1970), Schutz (1967) among others. She sums up that action research is a part of a quiet methodological revolution towards qualitative research approaches which impacted on the social sciences and emerged in reaction to scientific, experimental and quantitative paradigms. It encourages participative, naturalistic enquiry with its exploratory-interpretive underpinnings (Burns, 2005:57). Action research, since 1940s, and its related branches such as action science, action learning, practitioner research, participatory research, and collaborative/cooperative enquiry have been part of the new revolution towards change in human social and economic situations. Burns further explains that action research is a general movement that attempts to create meaning and understanding in a problematic social situations and improving the quality of human interactions and practices within those situations. The relevance of action research to English Language Teaching and teacher education, as we can deduce from the foregoing, is that it cuts across many disciplinary fields which include the field of applied linguistics. It is seen as a flexible research methodology suitable for research that supports change. According to Hopkins (1985: 32) and Ebbut (1985:156) the combination of action and research presupposes action as a form of disciplined inquiry in which personal attempt is made to understand, improve and reform practice. Cohen Marion (1994:186) see action research as small-scale intervention in the functioning of real world thus a closer examination of the effects of change of such intervention integrates social research with exploratory action to promote development. Lisa (2008:4) states action research involves fluid and overlapping cycles of investigation, action planning, piloting of new practices and evaluation of outcomes incorporating at all stages the collection and analysis of data and generation of knowledge. She maintains that the outcomes of action research are both practical and theoretical. The knowledge it generates has a direct and ongoing impact on changing practice for participants and on a wider audience through its publications, and application. This essay, however, focuses on educational action research (teacher action; as in Borgs paper on Conditions for Teacher Research; Condition 9: Community) with inclination to English language teaching. Thus the essay explores educational action research, its processes, purposes and characteristics in line with the views expressed by Burns (2009). The essay draws its conclusion from the challenges, status and how action research can be encouraged, maintained and promoted in English language teaching. 2. THE ORIGIN OF ACTION RESEARCH The popular belief is that Kurt Lewin is the originator of action research in the 1940s. His work was intended to change the life chances of disadvantaged groups in terms of housing, employment, prejudice, socialization and training. The combination of action and research has contributed to the attraction of this method of research to researchers, teachers, academic and educational community. Kurt was a psychologist, influenced by the work of the social philosopher, J. L. Moreno, in group dynamics and social movements in early 20th century Germany. Kurt conceived of research as leading to social action, and saw action research as a spiral of steps each of which is composed of circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action (Lewin, 1948:206, cited in Burns, 2009:58). Zuber-Skerritt (1996a) suggests emancipatory action researchis collaborative, critical and self-critical inquiry by practitioners into a major problem or issue or concern in their own practice. They own the problem and feel responsible and accountable for solving it through teamwork and through following a cyclical process of: strategic planning; actions, i.e. implementing the plan; observation, evaluation and self-evaluation; critical and self-critical reflections on the results On the basis of points 1-3 decisions could be made for the next cycle of action research. Earlier, Zuber-Skerritt (1996a:3-5) argues action research is emancipatory when it aims not only at technical and practical improvement and the participants better understanding, along with transformation and change within the existing boundaries and conditions, but also at changing the system itself or those conditions which impede desired improvement in the system/organization There is no hierarchy, but open and symmetrical communication. The emancipatory interest is based on the notion of action researchers as participants in a community of equals and as improvement to professional practice at the local, perhaps classroom level, within the capacities of individuals and the situations in which they are working. Action research is part of a broader agenda of changing education, changing schooling and changing society. A review of action research frameworks reveals several common features. An action research project seeks to create knowledge, propose and implement change, and improve practice and performance (Stringer, 1996). Kemmis and McTaggart (1988) suggest that the fundamental components of action research include the following: (1) developing a plan for improvement, (2) implementing the plan, (3) observing and documenting the effects of the plan, and (4) reflecting on the effects of the plan for further planning and informed action. New knowledge gained results in changes in practice (see also, Fullan, 2000a). Action research is often conducted to discover a plan for innovation or intervention and is collaborative. Based on Kemmis and McTaggarts (1998) original formulation of action research and subsequent modifications, Mills (2003) developed the following framework for action research: Describe the problem and area of focus. Define the factors involved in your area of focus (e.g., the curriculum, school setting, student outcomes, and instructional strategies). Develop research questions. Describe the intervention or innovation to be implemented. Develop a timeline for implementation. Describe the membership of the action research group. Develop a list of resources to implement the plan. Describe the data to be collected. Develop a data collection and analysis plan. Select appropriate tools of inquiry. Carry out the plan (implementation, data collection, data analysis). Report the results. This deductive approach implements a planned intervention, monitors its implementation, and evaluates the results. A more inductive approach, formulated by Burns (1999), is to carry out action research to explore what changes need to be made or what actions need to be taken in a specific instructional setting. Burns suggests the following interrelated activities: Explore an issue in teaching or learning. Identify areas of concern. Observe how those areas play out in the setting of the study. Discuss how the issue might be addressed. Collect data to determine the action to be taken (e.g., student questionnaires, observation reports, journal entries). Plan strategic actions based on the data to address the issue. Kemmis and McTaggerts approach focuses on implementing an action plan, whereas Burns focuses on planning for action. Commonly used data collection tools in action research projects include existing archival sources in schools (e.g., attendance reports, standardized test scores, lesson plans, curriculum documents,), questionnaires, interviews, observation notes and protocols, videotapes, photographs, journals and diaries, and narratives (e.g., stories told by teachers, see Hartman, 1998). ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Burns (2009) points out that the modern seeds of AR in educational contexts can be found in the work of John Dewey (and can be traced to Aristotle). Dewey had argued against the separation of theory from practice, and this had profoundly influenced educational enquiry in the first part of the 20th century to the present time. This has been the basis for future research by educators, academics and social scientists into their various fields with the aims of improving the human conditions. Nevertheless, in recent years a great body of literature in language teacher education has focus on teacher beliefs and reflection. Movement such as the teacher as researcher and teacher as reflective practitioner have been trying to promote the benefits of empowering teachers to take control of their professional development and curriculum development through reflection on practice. The new trend encourages teachers to carry out systematic rigorous enquiry into problematic areas of teaching, learning and curriculum in their classrooms, devise plans of action, carry out these plans of action and collect data to evaluate the revised plan in a cyclic pattern(Denny,2005:59-60). It is however noteworthy to understand that the movements teacher as researcher and teacher as reflective practitioner developed in different forms by different proponents of AR in UK, the USA and Australia, though they have much in common and strongly influenced by teacher education(Zeichner,2001 in Denny, 2005) . After all the polemics, it is obvious and important that teachers need support in order to carry on AR, streamline the research process, understand and imbibe group research ethics, ability to learn fast and become familiar with the literature on the theme of the research. Teachers on training like us, and practicing ELT/ESL with less experience or even completely unfamiliar with AR should be enlightened, given guidance on background reading in research methodology before any assignment or to initiate AR project. Where resources are available, there would be the need to organise a workshop at the beginning for a group with a varied and differing experiences to teach the principle of action research, methods of finding a focus which is realistic, selecting and designing the data gathering tools and planning the research timeline(Denny,2005). Also in line with Dennys (2005) suggestion, I feel that teacher researchers involved in group project should be also be involved in organising initial workshops and dissemination of the results of the workshop through publication. The group should include a researcher experienced in AR and with experience in applying for grants, presenting and publishing research reports. 3. MERITS AND BENEFITS OF ACTION RESEARCH Action research has made some significant positive impacts in language teaching field, especially ELT/ESL and on teachers involved in it, individually and collectively, however, the precise nature of these impacts on language teaching and learning may be difficult to ascertain in tangible concrete terms. This may not be unconnected to the argument that AR is not a research method can be sustained and replicated, because of lack of formal unified theory and training its conduct. Nonetheless, scholars such as Kemmis and McTaggart (1982:2-5, in Burns, 2005:68) claim that AR has enable teachers to develop skills in:  ¨ thinking systematically about what happens in the classroom  ¨ implementing action where improvements are thought to be possible  ¨ monitoring and evaluating the effects of the with a view to continuing the improvement  ¨ monitoring complex situations critically and practically  ¨ implementing a flexible approach to school or classroom  ¨ making improvements through action and reflection  ¨ researching the real, complex and often confusing circumstances and constraints of the modern school  ¨ recognizing and translating evolving ideas into action. Many more claims concerning the benefits of AR are made, Burns (1999: 14 15) states that the Australian teachers collaborated with her had experienced:  ¨ deeper engagements with their own classroom practices  ¨ a better understanding of research and methods for carrying out research  ¨ less sense of isolation from other teachers  ¨ a personal challenge, satisfaction and professional growth  ¨ heightened awareness of external factors impinging on their classrooms. 4. ARGUMENTS AGAINST ACTION RESEARCH Action research as a form of research is not without problems; articulation, conception and application. It has attracted a lot of criticisms; one major criticism is that research is an activity best left to academic specialists who have the training and capacity. Thus AR has no academic prestige and finesse. Jarvis (1981) is one of the proponents of this line of thinking in the language teaching field and similar views were expressed in TESOL Newsletter (2001), (see Burns, 2009:66-67). However, scholars like Borg (2002) feel differently, and reject the traditional boundaries between teachers and researchers. In fact Borg is championing the cause for teacher-researcher, has written extensively on this topic; Borg (2006) Conditions for Teacher Researcher. There is therefore need to address views such as Jarvis, if AR is to be considered as a research methodology. Many more criticisms against AR that deserve our attention are that it:  ¨ has not developed sound research procedures, techniques and methodology  ¨ is small-scale and therefore not generalizable(has low external validity)  ¨ shows low control of the research environment and therefore cannot contribute to causal theories of teaching and learning  ¨ exhibits strong personal involvement on the part of the participant and therefore is overly subjective and anecdotal  ¨ is not reported in a form that conforms to a recognisable scientific genre (Burns,2009:67). In addition to above criticisms AR has been criticised as messy, informal, and structurally unformed involving imprecise cycles of research and action. 5. CURRENT TRENDS IN ACTION RESEARCH Despite the arguments and counter arguments for and against AR as a methodology in language teaching fields, its range of activities has impacted on the participating teachers who have been engaged in it. It is now being accepted as a movement in the language teaching field, though it is not internationally widespread. This is because some essential conditions that promote AR, such as motivation, support, research knowledge, skills, and the potential for dissemination of findings are not readily available. This is in contrast to where AR has taken room, teachers are well supported, teaching in instructional contexts, such as in Australia and North America (Borg, unpublished, cited in Burns, 2009). Most ELT/ESL professional are still uninvolved in AR and despite the enthusiasm in favour of AR interest and involvement in it is on the decline. Most ELT and especially ESL teachers are not exposed to AR, and may not even have an idea of how it works. Some extensive workshops and conferences where teachers are involved in practical demonstration of teaching planning and presentation may result into AR. A case in point is my personal experience in Alfaisal International Academy, Riyadh. The Academy in collaboration with British Council organised a Training Workshop on the Teaching of Composition between the months of September and October, 2007. All participating teachers were given papers with spaces, and were asked to freely express the problems they encounter in the teaching of composition. The teachers were asked to present their views in groups and discuss the problems which include the choice of topic, sentence and paragraph development, logical arrangement of ideas, styles and soon. At the end of the month-long training most of the participating teachers were able to improve upon their composition class. The composition training was highly contextualized and localized in its attempt to investigate a situation in a specific school. We were able to convert tacit knowledge of student progress in composition writing to explicit knowledge that could be communicated clearly to other constituents, such as board members and parents. The training confirmed our individual opinions, observations, and intuitions based on investigation of our inputs in the training. If our observations were taken into considerations, it would provide impetus for changes in practice and curriculum, based on information that was systematically collected and synthesized. This information would lead to the expansion of the language capacity of the Arab ESL students through a revised curriculum that involved storytelling, sentence-level production of the language, and the use of content-based discourse-level speaking tasks. The research was participatory and collaborative, involving all of the international community English as second language teachers in Alfaisal International Academy, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. The problem is that such workshops are once-in-a-blue-moon events, wide apart and hardly sustainable. Moreover, we did not call it AR. However, it has all the features of action research. 6. CHALLENCES FACING ACTION RESEARCH AS A PRACTICE One of the major challenges of action research is to create awareness about its nature, scope, benefits in language teaching fields. Besides its inclusion as a certificatory requirement course, it should be encouraged through conferences and worldwide professional body where contacts can be maintained. Dissemination of individual and cooperative research findings would ensure the growth expansion of AR. Despite AR impacts in the language teaching learning field, more interesting challenges and tensions are still prevalent. I share Burns (2009) concerns that there are differing understandings, of ARs purpose, scope, and practices in various contexts. We should really consider finding answers to questions concerning the future directions of AR in a number of broad areas, such as: How should we envisage the primary purposes and outcomes of AR? Is it mainly a vehicle for practitioners personal and professional development, or can it also have a role in the production of knowledge for the field? Is AR simply an accessible version of research for teachers, or does it also denote an emerging paradigm with its own epistemology, methodologies and investigative practices? If so, how should standards of quality be addressed? In what ways can AR open up opportunities for collective forms of knowledge about teaching and learning that are inclusive of academic and teaching communities? What kinds of relationships between teachers, teacher educators and researchers will need to emerge to facilitate collective knowledge production? (How) can AR activity in language teaching also address broader issues of curriculum development, social justice and educational political action, thus contributing to the greater sustainability of effective educational practices? 7. CONCLUSION This research methodology, despite many contentions, criticism, arguments and counter arguments on the nature, scope and processes, is used in many fields of human endeavour such as social and health services, community development and education, to address a long history of difficulties in successfully transferring research knowledge into changes in practice. It is a means of combining the generation of knowledge with professional development of practitioners through their participation as co-researchers. It also serves as a barrier breaker between policymakers and practitioners, giving them richer insights into practice and an active role in policy development as well as its implementation respectively. This is clear in a research where teachers are involved in the identification of problem, plan on how to solve the problem in a participatory, collaborative, cooperative way. The various inputs of individual teacher researcher and all participating teacher researchers are the data t hat would inform the policy of change. Thus when teachers are part of the planning of policy and designing curriculum, its implementation and improvement would better and easier. The essay has been able to critically explore action research, teacher research, meaning, arguments and processes as a research methodology. Some suggestions have been proffered to more rigorous method of research in teacher action research in language teaching field. Altrichter, H., Feldman, A., Posch, P., Somekh, B. (2008). Teachers investigate their work: An introduction to action research across the professions (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Burns, A. (1999). Collaborative action research for English language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2005). Action research: An evolving paradigm? Language Teaching, 38(2), 57-74. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (Third ed.). Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press. Wallace, M. J. (1998). Action research for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2009). Action research in second language teacher education. In A. Burns J. C. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education (pp. 289-297). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burns, A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching. A guide for practitioners. New York: Routledge. Elliott, J. (1991). Action research for educational change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. McNiff, J., Whitehead, J. (2002). Action research: Principles and practice (2nd ed.). London: RoutledgeFalmer. Rainey, I. (2000). Action research and the English as a foreign language practitioner: Time to take stock. Educational Action Research, 8(1), 65-91. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (1998). ACTFL performance guidelines for K-12 learners. Yonkers, NY: Author. Burns, A. (1999). Collaborative action research for English language teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fullan, M. (2000a). Change forces. The sequel. Philadelphia: Falmer Press. Fullan, M. (2000b). Leadership for the twenty-first century: Breaking the bonds of dependency. In The Jossey-Bass reader on educational leadership (pp. 156-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hartman, D. K. (1998). Stories teachers tell. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook. Kemmis, S., McTaggert, R. (1998). The action research planner. Geelong, Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press. Mills, G. E. (2003). Action research: A guide for the teacher researcher. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Stringer, E. (1996). Action research: A handbook for practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wallace, M. J. (2000). Action research for language teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Al Capone Essay -- Biography Biographies

Al Capone In 1920, the United States entered a new stage in its life, the Era of Prohibition. However, flaws in the planning, execution, and administration caused this noble idea to vacillate unquestionably. However, men who were willing to break the law were the ones that were able to build a lucrative life for themselves; one such man was Alphonse Capone. However, honest men such as Elliot Ness fought adamantly to defend their morals, beliefs, and the law of the land. Nevertheless, Capone was a man who took advantage of his time and lived the life of the American Dream: going from rags to riches. However, it was this very same opulence that caused his downfall and incarceration. The tireless efforts of Elliot Ness eventually paid off when On January 16, 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified. This legislation gave legal satisfaction to the temperance movement of the early twentieth century. It officially mandated that the transportation, manufact ure, sale, and consumption of any beverage with an alcohol content of more than .05% was illegal. However, although the U.S. government took the initiative to enact the law, the enforcement of it was severely lacking for several reasons. First, responsibility was given to the Department of the Treasury, not the Department of Justice. This resulted in agents with little to no training in the skills required to execute their duties. Second, these agents received scant salaries that eventually lead to widespread corruption and bribery. In fact, from 1920 to 1926, 148 enforcement employees were convicted of bribery or other alcohol-related offenses. Although the original intent of the Eighteenth Amendment was to lower crime and increase public morale, it mainly served as a catalyst for crime and violence. In 1926, a Senate investigation discovered that most of the illegal liquor being consumed was coming from smugglers, illegal usage of industrial or medicinal alcohol, and moonshine liquor. They concluded that increasing border security could control the smuggling dilemma. The other problems could only be solved by a more competent approach to enforcement, including the restructuring of administration as well as the officers and agents, changes in hiring practices and training, and increased salaries for all agents. However, the main reason for the failure of th... ... and Records Administration 2000). Despite the noble efforts of the U.S. Congress to end the consumption of alcohol, Prohibition was definitely a failure. Both faulty schematization and general sense of public disapproval contributed to the defectiveness of the Eighteenth Amendment. However, from this blunder rose venal men such as the infamous Alphonse Capone. These men gained both notoriety and fear through the practices of corruption and murder. Nevertheless, the tireless efforts of the U.S. government lead by the honest Elliot Ness and his men lead to the eventual downfall of this great pillar of crime. Despite the failure of the Prohibition Era, the United States learn a valuable lesson: the American mind is stubborn and it takes a little more than laws to change it. Bibliography: Bardsley, Marilyn. Al Capone - from the Crime Library. 15 May 2000. http://www.crimelibrary.com/capone/caponemain.htm Wright, Jacob C. The Enforcement Of Prohibition. 15 May 2000. http://mx3.xoom.com/jakewright/prohibition/index.html National Archives and Records Administration. Exhibit: Al Capone Verdict. (15 May 2000). http://www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/capone.html

Marking Time Essay

Marking Time is an Australian mini TV series written by John Doyle and was aired on ABC in 2003. It’s based on a small town called Brakley. The story is told through the eyes of an 18 year old named Hal. Hal falls in love with an Afghani girl, Randa, who recently fled her own country with her father to escape the Taliban. The two face racism and taunts by their community, whose views are influenced greatly by the media and politicians that are expressed during historical events taking place at the time. Soon after 9/11 occured, their home was set on fire by arsonists. Hal’s family let them stay in their home and Randa needed comforting, but Hal and Randa were found in bed together the next morning. Their refugee status got later denied and they were orderd to return to Afghanistan. Hal then went over seas to look for her. This mini-series reflects what’s happening in the world during the years 2000 and 2001 by representing the small town of Brakley as a microcosm. It shows the attitudes Australian’s have towards Asylum seekers. Hal is educated about what’s really going on by his father and his fathers girlfriend and therefore see’s Randa for the person she really is, rather than just a refugee or ‘boatie’ apparently causing trouble. Everyone else in Brackley don’t have the right education and are believing everything the media and politicians are saying about them. The aim of this series is to make us question the information we get fed us, and to hopefully change the assumptions we place on refugees. Marking Time covers the events surrounding the Afghanistan war and Australia’s involvement. This included historical and political events. These events include The 2000 Olympic games and the re-election of the Howard government, The Tampa Crisis, the 9/11 Terrror attack and the Children Overboard affair. These events also include the social aspects in Brakley which led the town to behave in such ways. Australia was the host of the 2000 Olympic games. During this period there was a lot of conflicting opinions regarding the refugee policy as more refugees headed our way. There was also a lot of argument regarding what Australia’s part in the war in Afghanistan was. These two tied together led to suspicion of other cultures, especially refugees. People had little knowledge with what was going on in the war in Afghanistan and about refugees and what they were going through. The social attitude towards what was happening was very mixed. People didn’t have the knowledge for a different view point and they found it hard to understand what was going on, and how they should be responding. Politicians have a large impact on how a society acts towards everything. It’s very easy to believe what they say about anything, especially if all the news were saying the same thing. The Prime Minister of the time, John Howard put the ideas that George W Bush was using in America on Australia. These ideas were that refugees coming to the country were terrorists.

National Dropout Rate Between Primary And Secondary Schools

Mexico is one of many Latin American countries lacking access to primary school education for all of its citizens. Due to lack of basic education and resources to continue school, Mexico experiences one of the lowest enrollment rates in higher education. According to the International Journal of Educational Development (2014), Mexico’s national dropout rate between primary and secondary schools is at 44% resulting in less students attending college (Gibbs B.G. Heaton T.B., 2014). Not only does this issue deteriorate the levels of education, it increases literacy and creates inequality. In order to solve this issue we can begin by creating a technology that reaches out to the entire population. Through the creation of a new technology such as a virtual learning device we will be able to conquer educational barriers and increase Mexico’s primary education levels. Significance Education plays a huge significance in development, both at the individual and national level. Establishing good foundations in a child’s early years through primary school will conclusively develop desires to attend college, establish a career and progress. Addressing these issues is key to breaking the never-ending cycle of poverty, which affects more than half of the population living in Mexico. Rural areas in Mexico need to improve the systems of primary education by providing no cost education to all of its citizens and by establishing easy access to facilities. Educating the population leads toShow MoreRelatedIndi The Country Of India1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people’s will to improve themselves through education. To provide further educational improvement, India should enact a free higher education policy once a student completes secondary schooling to ensure a better future for its people. 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